IWR6843ARQGALPR stock nyowani uye yepakutanga Electronic Components Yakabatanidzwa Circuits Microcontroller IC Chips.

Rwendo rweSilicon kuenda kumusoro
Basa rakakundikana: Zvinonzi Shockley akaona mukana mukuru wemusika panguva iyo pasina munhu akanga asati abudirira kugadzira silicon transistor;ndosaka akasiya Bell Labs muna 1956 kuti atange kambani yake muCalifornia.Nehurombo, Shockley anga asiri muzvinabhizimusi akanaka uye manejimendi ake ebhizinesi raive basa rebenzi zvichienzaniswa nehunyanzvi hwake hwedzidzo.Saka Shockley pachake haana kuzadzisa chishuvo chekutsiva germanium nesilicon, uye nhanho yehupenyu hwake hwese yaive podium paStanford University.Kwapera gore mushure mekuvambwa kwayo, majaya masere ane tarenda aakange atora akatsauka kubva kwaari, uye vaive "vatengesi vasere" vaifanira kuzadzisa chishuvo chekutsiva germanium nesilicon.

Kusimuka kwesilicon transistor

Pamberi peEight Renegades payakavamba Fairchild Semiconductor, germanium transistors ndiyo yaive musika wekutengesa ma transistors, aine angangoita 30 miriyoni transistors akagadzirwa muUnited States muna 1957, miriyoni imwe chete yesilicon transistors uye angangoita 29 miriyoni germanium transistors.Iine chikamu che20% chemusika, Texas Instruments yakava hofori mumusika wetransistor.

Vatengi hombe pamusika, hurumende yeUS nemauto, vanoda kushandisa machipisi muhuwandu hukuru mumaroketi nemakomba, vachiwedzera kukosha kwekutangisa mutoro uye kuvandudza kuvimbika kwenzvimbo dzekudzora.Asi ma transistors anozoratidzwawo kune yakaoma kushanda mamiriro anokonzerwa nekupisa kwakanyanya uye nechisimba vibrations.

Germanium ndiyo yekutanga kurasikirwa kana zvasvika pakupisa: germanium transistors inokwanisa kushingirira tembiricha ye80°C chete, ukuwo zvinodiwa nemauto ndezvekushanda kwakadzikama kunyangwe pa200°C.Iyo chete inogona kumira tembiricha iyi ndiyo silicon transistor.
Sendong yakagadzira maitiro ekugadzira silicon transistors, ichiita kuti ive nyore uye inoshanda semabhuku akadhindwa, uye yakachipa zvakanyanya kupfuura germanium transistors maererano nemutengo.Maitiro aFairchild ekugadzira silicon transistors aive akaomarara sezvinotevera.

Chekutanga, marongerwo anodhirowewa nemaoko, dzimwe nguva akakura zvekuti anotora madziro, uyezve dhirowa rinotorwa mifananidzo uye rakaderedzwa kuita diki pepa rinopenya, kazhinji rine nzira mbiri dzemapepa matatu, imwe neimwe ichimiririra denderedzwa redunhu.

Kechipiri, dhizaini yemwenje-inonzwa zvinhu inoiswa kune yakachekwa uye yakakwenenzverwa yakatsetseka silicon wafer, uye UV / laser inoshandiswa kuchengetedza wedunhu pateni kubva kune transillumination sheet kupinda pasilicon wafer.

Chechitatu, nzvimbo uye mitsara munzvimbo ine rima ye transillumination sheet inosiya maitiro asina kuoneka pane silicon wafer;aya mapatani asina kuvhenekwa anocheneswa nemhinduro yeasidhi, uye kana semiconductor tsvina inowedzerwa (diffusion technique) kana simbi conductors inoputirwa.

Chechina, kudzokorora nhanho nhatu dziri pamusoro pechimwe nechimwe chinopenya, nhamba huru dzema transistors anogona kuwanikwa pasilicon wafers, anochekwa nevashandi vechikadzi pasi pemaikorosikopu obva abatanidzwa newaya, obva aiswa mukati, oedzwa, uye otengeswa.

Nenhamba huru yesilicon transistors pamusika, Fairchild, yakavambwa neVasere Vatengesi, yaive pakati pemakambani aigona kumira padivi pehofori dzakadai seTexas Instruments.
Mutyairi akakosha - Intel
Yakanga iri iyo yakatevera kugadzirwa kwedunhu rakasanganiswa iro rakapfupisa hutongi hwegermanium.Panguva iyoyo pakanga paine mitsetse miviri yetekinoroji, imwe yemaseketi akabatanidzwa pagermanium chips kubva kuTexas Instruments uye imwe yemaseketi akabatanidzwa pasilicon chips kubva kuFairchild.Pakutanga, makambani maviri aya aive nekukakavadzana kunotyisa pamusoro pevaridzi vezvibvumirano pamatunhu akabatanidzwa, asi gare gare Hofisi yePatent yakaziva hutori hwezvibvumirano pamasekete akabatanidzwa nemakambani maviri.
Nekudaro, sekuita kwaFairchild kwakawedzera kufambira mberi, yakava chiyero cheseketi dzakabatanidzwa uye ichiri kushandiswa nhasi.Gare gare, Noyce, muvambi wedunhu rakasanganiswa, uye Moore, muvambi weMutemo waMoore, akasiya Centron Semiconductor, uyo, sezvineiwo, vese vaive nhengo dze "Eight Traitors".Pamwe chete naGrove, vakavamba iyo ikozvino yakakura kwazvo semiconductor chip kambani - Intel.
Mukusimudzira kwakatevera, Intel yakasundira silicon chips.Yakarova Texas Instruments, Motorola, uye IBM kuti ive mambo weiyo semiconductor kuchengetedza uye CPU chikamu.

Sezvo Intel yakava mutambi mukuru muindastiri, silicon yakagumawo germanium, uye yaimbove Santa Clara Valley yakanzi "Silicon Valley".Kubva ipapo, silicon machipisi ave akafanana semiconductor machipisi mukuona kweveruzhinji.