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1.Kunyanya kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvesilicon

Mune semiconductor industry, silicon zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira diodes / transistors, integrated circuits, rectifiers, thyristors, etc. Kunyanya, diodes / transistors yakagadzirwa nesilicon zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukukurukurirana, radar, nhepfenyuro, terevhizheni, automatic control. , nezvimwewo;masekete akabatanidzwa anonyanya kushandiswa mumakomputa akasiyana siyana, kutaurirana, kutepfenyura, otomatiki kudzora, emagetsi stopwatches, zviridzwa, uye mamita, nezvimwewo;rectifiers anonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirisa;thyristors anonyanya kushandiswa muRectifiers anonyanya kushandiswa kugadzirisa, DC kutapurirana, uye kugovera, magetsi emagetsi, midziyo yekuzvidzora, yakakwirira-frequency oscillators, nezvimwewo;ray detectors inonyanya kushandiswa pakuongorora simba reatomu, chiedza chekuongorora quantum;masero ezuva anonyanya kushandiswa mumunda wekugadzira simba rezuva.

2.Pane ramangwana chip zvinhu zvinogona kutsiva silicon?

Silicon ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa semiconductor zvinhu nhasi, asi kubuda kwegraphene, inozivikanwa se "mambo wezvinhu zvitsva", kwaita kuti nyanzvi dzakawanda dzifembera kuti graphene inogona kunge iri yakanakisa imwe nzira kune silicon, asi ichanyanya kuenderana neindasitiri yayo. development.

Sei graphene ichifarirwa?Kunze kweiyo yayo semiconductor zvimiro, izvo zvisiri zvakaderera kune izvo zvesilicon, zvakare ine zvakawanda zvakanakira izvo silicon haina.Sezvo muganho wekugadzirisa wesilicon uchionekwa se 10nm mutsara wehupamhi, nemamwe mazwi, iyo shoma maitiro ari kupfuura 10nm, iyo yakanyanya kusagadzikana iyo silicon chigadzirwa chichava uye zvakanyanya kudiwa maitiro acho.Kuti uwane huwandu hwepamusoro hwekubatanidzwa uye kuita, zvitsva zvesemiconductor zvinhu zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa, uye graphene inoitika kuva sarudzo yakanaka.Masayendisiti akacherekedza quantum Hall mhedzisiro mugraphene pane tembiricha yekamuri, uye zvinhu zvacho hazvidzokeri shure kana zvasangana netsvina, zvichiratidza kuti ine simba remagetsi conductivity.Pamusoro pezvo, graphene inoratidzika kunge yakajeka, uye maitiro ayo ekuona haana kunaka chete asiwo anoshanduka nekukora kwegraphene.Ichi chivakwa saka chinotongwa kuti chakanyatso kuenderana nekushandisa mune optoelectronics.

Zvichida chikonzero chebulliness ye graphene zvakare chinoenderana nekuzivikanwa kwayo: kabhoni nanomaterials.Carbon nanotubes haina musono, machubhu asina mhango akagadzirwa kubva pamashiti egraphene akakungurutswa kupinda mumuviri ane akanyanya kunaka emagetsi conductivity uye madziro akatetepa kwazvo.Theoretically, kabhoni nanotube chip idiki pane silicon chip pachiyero chakafanana chekubatanidza;uyezve, kabhoni nanotubes pachayo inogadzira kupisa kushoma, iyo, yakasanganiswa neiyo yakanaka yekupisa conductivity, inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba;uye maererano nemutengo wekuwana iyo element kabhoni, hazvina kuoma kuwana kabhoni zvinhu, zvichipihwa kupararira kwayo kwakakura uye zvakaenzana zvakakura zviri pasi pano.

Ehe, graphene parizvino yave kushandiswa mumasikirini, mabhatiri, uye midziyo inopfeka, uye masayendisiti akafambira mberi zvakanyanya munzvimbo ino yekutsvagisa, asi zvakazara, kana graphene ichinyatso kutsiva silicon uye ive iyo inonyanya kushandiswa machipisi, kwakawanda kuedza kuchaita. inodiwa mukugadzira uye tekinoroji yemidziyo inotsigira.