Machipisi mangani mumotokari?

Machipisi mangani mumotokari?Kana kuti, mota inoda machipisi mangani?

Kutaura chokwadi, zvakaoma kupindura.Nokuti zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa kwemotokari pachayo.Mota yega yega inoda nhamba yakasiyana yemachipi, mashoma semakumi kusvika kumazana, akawanda sezviuru kana zviuru zvemachipisi.Nekuvandudzwa kwehungwaru hwemotokari, mhando dzemachipisi dzakakwirawo kubva pamakumi mana kusvika pamakumi mashanu.

Machipisi emotokari, sehuropi hwemunhu, anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvishanu nebasa: komputa, kuona, kuuraya, kutaurirana, kuchengetedza uye kupa simba.

Kuwedzera kupatsanurwa, kunogona kukamurwa kuita control chip, computing chip, sensing chip, kutaurirana chip,memory chip, security chip, power chip,driver chip, simba rekutonga chip mapfumbamwe mapoka.

Automotive chip mapfumbamwe zvikamu:

1. Kudzora chip:MCU, SOC

Nhanho yekutanga yekunzwisisa mota dzemagetsi ndeyekunzwisisa yemagetsi control unit.ECU inogona kunzi ikombiyuta yakadzikwa iyo inodzora masisitimu makuru emotokari.Pakati pavo, iyo-board MCU inogona kunzi computing brain yemotokari ECU, iyo inotarisira kuverenga uye kugadzirisa kwemashoko akasiyana-siyana.

Kazhinji, ECU mumotokari inotarisira basa rakasiyana, rakagadzirirwa neMCU, maererano neDeppon Securities.Panogona zvakare kuve nezviitiko apo imwe ECU ine maviri MCUS.

MCUS account inosvika makumi matatu muzana yehuwandu hwemidziyo yesemiconductor inoshandiswa mumotokari, uye anokwana makumi manomwe anodiwa pamotokari t.iye pamusoro MCU chip.

2. Computing chip: CPU, GPU

Iyo CPU inowanzova nzvimbo yekutonga pane iyo SoC chip.Kubatsira kwayo kuri mukuronga, manejimendi uye kugona kuronga.Nekudaro, iyo CPU ine mashoma mayuniti emakomputa uye haigone kusangana nenhamba yakakura yakafanana yakapusa computing mabasa.Naizvozvo, iyo yakazvimiririra yekutyaira SoC chip inowanzoda kubatanidza imwe kana kupfuura Xpus mukuwedzera kuCPU kupedzisa iyo AI kuverenga.

3. Simba chip: IGBT, silicon carbide, simba MOSFET

Simba semiconductor ndiyo musimboti wekushandurwa kwesimba remagetsi uye redunhu kutonga mumidziyo yemagetsi, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kushandura voltage uye frequency mumidziyo yemagetsi, DC uye AC shanduko.

Kutora simba MOSFET semuenzaniso, maererano nedata, mumotokari dzemafuta echinyakare, chiyero che low-voltage MOSFET pamotokari inenge 100. Mumotokari itsva dzemagetsi, avhareji yekushandiswa kwepakati uye yakakwirira voltage MOSFET pamotokari yakawedzera kusvika kune yakawanda. kupfuura 200. Mune ramangwana, kushandiswa kweMOSFET pamotokari pakati nepamusoro-soro mhando inotarisirwa kuwedzera kusvika ku400.

4. Kukurukurirana chip: cellular, WLAN, LIN, yakananga V2X, UWB, CAN, satellite positioning, NFC, Bluetooth, ETC, Ethernet nezvimwe zvakadaro;

Iyo yekutaurirana chip inogona kukamurwa kuita waya yekutaurirana uye isina waya kutaurirana.

Wired kutaurirana inonyanya kushandiswa kune akasiyana data kutapurirana pakati pemidziyo mumotokari.

Wireless kutaurirana kunogona kuona kubatana pakati pemota nemota, mota nevanhu, mota nemidziyo, mota nenzvimbo yakatenderedza.

Pakati pavo, nhamba ye can transceivers yakakura, maererano neindasitiri data, avhareji CAN / LIN transceiver kushandiswa kwemotokari inenge 70-80, uye dzimwe motokari dzinoshanda dzinogona kusvika kupfuura 100, kana kunyange kupfuura 200.

5. Memory chip: DRAM, NOR FLASH, EEPROM, SRAM, NAND FLASH

Iyo memory chip yemota inonyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza zvirongwa zvakasiyana uye data yemota.

Zvinoenderana nemutongo wekambani yesemiconductor muSouth Korea pakuda kweDRAM yemotokari dzakangwara dzekutyaira, mota inofungidzirwa kuve ine yakanyanya kudiwa yeDRAM/NAND Flash inosvika 151GB/2TB, zvichiteerana, uye kirasi yekuratidzira uye ADAS inozvimiririra. dhiraivha system ine yakanyanya kushandiswa kwemamemory chips.

6. Simba/Analog chip: SBC, analog front end, DC/DC, digital isolation, DC/AC

Analog chip ibhiriji rinobatanidza nyika chaiyo uye nyika yedhijitari, inonyanya kureva dunhu reanalog rinoumbwa nekupikisa, capacitor, transistor, nezvimwe. .) Integrated circuit.

Zvinoenderana nenhamba yeOppenheimer, analog maseketi anoverengera makumi maviri nepfumbamwe muzana emotokari machipi, ayo 53% ari masaini cheni cores uye 47% isimba rekutonga machipisi.

7. Driver chip: high side driver, low side driver, LED/ display, gedhi level driver, zambuko, vamwe vatyairi, etc.

Mumotokari yemagetsi system, kune nzira mbiri dzekutanga dzekutyaira mutoro: yakaderera side drive uye yakakwira side drive.

Madhiraivha ekumusoro-soro anowanzo kushandiswa zvigaro, mwenje, uye mafeni.

Yakaderera padivi madhiraivha anoshandiswa kune mota, hita, nezvimwe.

Kutora mota inozvimiririra muUnited States semuenzaniso, iyo yekumberi chete yenzvimbo yekudzora nzvimbo inogadziriswa ine 21 yepamusoro-parutivi madhiraivha machipisi, uye mashandisiro emotokari anodarika makumi matatu neshanu.

8. Sensor chip: ultrasonic, mufananidzo, izwi, laser, inertial navigation, millimeter wave, fingerprint, infrared, voltage, tembiricha, ikozvino, humidity, chinzvimbo, kudzvanywa.

Masensa emota anogona kukamurwa kuita ma sensors emuviri uye ma sensors ekunzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Mukushanda kwemota, sensor yemota inogona kuunganidza mamiriro emuviri (senge tembiricha, kudzvanywa, chinzvimbo, kumhanya, nezvimwewo) uye ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza, uye kushandura ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa kuita masaini emagetsi ekufambisa kune yepakati control unit ye motokari.

Zvinoenderana nedata, iyo yakangwara yekutyaira level 2 mota inotarisirwa kutakura masensa matanhatu, uye iyo L5 mota inotarisirwa kutakura makumi matatu nemaviri masensa.

9. Chengetedzo chip: T-Box/V2X chengetedzo chip, eSIM/eSAM chengetedzo chip

Yemotokari chengetedzo chip imhando yedunhu rakabatanidzwa ine yemukati yakabatanidzwa cryptographic algorithm uye yemuviri anti-attack dhizaini.

Nhasi, nekukura zvishoma nezvishoma kwemotokari dzakangwara, nhamba yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi mumotokari ichawedzera zvisingadzivisiki, uye inotungamirirwa nekukura kwenhamba yemachipisi.

Zvinoenderana nedata rakapihwa neChina Association of Automobile Manufacturers, huwandu hwemachipisi emota anodiwa kumotokari dzemafuta echinyakare i600-700, huwandu hwemachipisi emota anodiwa pamotokari dzemagetsi huchakwira kusvika pa1600 / mota, uye kudiwa kwemachipisi emagetsi. mota dzakangwara dzepamusoro dzinotarisirwa kuwedzera kusvika 3000 / mota.

Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti motokari yemazuva ano yakafanana nekombiyuta huru pane wheels.