Kuzivikanwa kwemidziyo yekurapaoximeters uye okisijeni concentrators yakasimuka munguva pfupi yapfuura, kuitira kuti maitiro anofungidzirwa evatengesi akadai sekusimudzira mitengo pasi, kugadzira uye kutengesa zvinhu zvenhema zvakanangwa nevanhu.
Kana iyo oximeter inodiwa kumba iri nyevero yepakutanga, ipapo jenareta yeokisijeni yapinda mumapoka ekurapa adjuvant.Sezvo kudzivirira kwedenda reChina kwakasimudzwa, vagadziri veokisijeni pamapuratifomu makuru e-commerce vakatengeswa kubva muna Zvita 23. Jd.com inotsvaga vanogadzira okisijeni uye inoona kuti mhando dzepamusoro dzakati wandei hadzina kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakachengetwa kana munzvimbo dzakasarudzwa.
Oxygen concentratorsakawedzerawo nekuda kwekushomeka kwakanyanya.Vamwe vashandisi vewebhu vakaona kuti mutengo wepawebhusaiti wemumba weokisijeni concentrator, kubva pa2,800 yuan kusvika pa5,000 yuan mukati memwedzi isingasviki miviri kubva kuDouble 11 shopping festival kusvika pakupera kwaDecember.
Maererano nemishumo yenhau, mumwe wetizen akataura kuti mutengo weHaier 119W jenareta weokisijeni waakatenga musi waZvita 5 waingova usingasviki 600 yuan, asi mushure mevhiki kana maviri wakakwira kusvika pa1,400 yuan, uye mutengo wakawedzera zvakapetwa mupasi pe. mwedzi.Kupfuura kaviri.
Kutengeswa kwemidziyo yekurapa kumba kwakakwira 214 muzana mwedzi-pamwedzi muna Zvita, sekureva kweSuning.Musi waZvita 26, mushure mekuvhurwa, iyo "oxygen generator concept stock" inowanzosimuka, iyoChanghong Meilingyakavhura kupfuura 3%, uye Yuyue Medical, Kangtai Medical, Zhongding Shares, nezvimwewo zvese zvakasimuka kusvika kune akasiyana.
Musi waNdira 2, 2023, Ministry of Public Security yakapa chiziviso chekumisa zviitiko zvisiri pamutemo uye mhosva zvichiteerana nemutemo mukugadzira nekutengesa mishonga yemanyepo ine chekuita nedenda, mareagents ekuyedza, jenareta reokisijeni, maoximeter nezvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nedenda. .
Nguva yekupedzisira apo jenereta yeokisijeni yakaputika yaiva muIndia muna 2021. Denda rakaipisisa rakaita kuti hurongwa hwezvehutano hwemunharaunda huve pedyo nekuparara, uye kupiwa kwemajini emagetsi e-oxygen cylinder generator kuzvinunura pamba kwakanga kusina kukwana.Zvino mushure mekugadziriswa kweChina denda rekudzivirira denda, kupisa kwemajenareta eokisijeni kwave "kumutswa" zvakare nemichina yekurapa yakaita seoximeter.
01. Kudiwa kweokisijeni concentrators mushure mekudzivirira denda rasunungurwa
Iyo yemumba yekurapa oxygen concentrator yakagadzirwa mukutanga 1970s.Izvi zvisati zvaitika, ma-cylinders e-oxygen cylinders kana pasi-tembiricha yeokisijeni masisitimu aidiwa kumba kwekurapa okisijeni therapy, iyo yaida kutakurwa nguva dzose kubva kune vatengesi kuti vawedzere kupihwa kweokisijeni yekurapa kumba.
Kuti udzore mutengo, maokisijeni emukati akaonekwa muUnited States, izvo zvakaderedza zvakanyanya zvipingamupinyi zvevagadziri kuti vapinde mumusika, uye kugadzirwa kwemasefa emamorekuru muma1950s kwakakurudzirawo mukana weokisijeni concentrators yekushandisa pamba.Kusvika muna 1985, yekutanga imba yeokisijeni concentrator yakabuda muUnited States.
Denda repasi rose rehutachiona hwekorona hutsva hwakatanga muna 2020, kunyanya kubuda kwakanyanya muIndia, kwawedzera kudiwa kwepasirese kwemaokisijeni concentrators.Panguva imwecheteyo, oximeters inogona kuyera kuzara kweropa reokisijeni muchikamu chekutanga chekurapa zvakare kukwezva kutarisa.
Nguva kusvika 2023, nekusunungurwa kwekudzivirira uye kutonga kwedenda muChina mukupera kwa2022, kudzivirira zvirwere zvakanyanya uye kurapa varwere vanorwara zvakanyanya chave chinhu chinonyanya kukosha.
Mushure mekutapukirwa nekorona itsva, kana pane zviratidzo zvisingafadzi zvakadai se dyspnea uye hypoxemia, inogona kusunungurwa nekufema kweokisijeni, uye jenereta yeokisijeni inogona kubatsira varwere vari voga kumba, sevanhu vakwegura vane zvirwere zvepasi.
Ruzivo rwakakodzera runoratidza kuti kushandiswa kweokisijeni concentrators ndeyezera repakati uye vanhu vakwegura, vakadzi vane pamuviri, varwere vanokosha, nezvimwewo, vane masimba kubva ku1L-3L kusvika ku5L-10L.Vanhu vane madhigirii akasiyana e hypoxia vanogona kuedza kushandisa okisijeni concentrators mushure mekubvunza chiremba.
Iyo diki diki ye1-2L ndeyemhando yehutano hwehutano (rudzi rwemhuri).Inovandudza mamiriro ekupa oxygen mumuviri, inobvisa kuneta, uye inodzoreredza mabasa emuviri kuburikidza neokisijeni.Inokodzera vamwe vanhu vezera repakati uye vakura, vakadzi vane pamuviri, uye vanhu vasina kusimba kwemuviri vane zviratidzo zve hypoxia., vatambi, vashandi vemuviri vanorema uye vatengi vepfungwa.Kuti uende kuQinghai-Tibet Plateau, majenareta eokisijeni anotakurika anogona zvakare kudzoreredza kusagadzikana kunokonzerwa neakakwira anti-urefu.
Zvinoenderana neAdministrative Measures yeKunyoreswa uye Kufaya kweMishonga Yezvokurapa yakapihwa neOrder No. majenareta ndeeKirasi I uye anofanirwa kurekodhwa.Kirasi II michina yekurapa, yakadai seokisijeni concentrators ine huwandu hwe3L uye pamusoro, inofanirwa kunyorera chitupa chekunyoresa.
Huwandu hombe hwe3L uye pamusoro igiredhi rekurapa, iro rinobvisa hypoxic acute uye zvisingaperi zvirwere zvekufema, chirwere chemoyo uye cerebrovascular uye zvimwe zvirwere zve hypoxic nekupa oxygen kuvarwere.Kune vatengi vanotsausa mumusika, uye 1-2L inotsanangurwa seyokurapa oksijeni concentrator, iyo inoda kuti isu tirambe takasvinura kana tichitenga.
Medical giredhi okisijeni concentrators ndeyechipiri kirasi yezvishandiso zvekurapa zvine njodzi ine mwero inotarwa muMitemo pamusoro peKutarisira uye Kutungamira kweMedhiyo Devices uye inoda kudzora kwakasimba uye manejimendi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kushanda kwayo, iyo yakakodzera kugadzirwa kweokisijeni-inopfumiswa. mweya, kurapwa kweokisijeni kana kuzorora kwekunetseka kunokonzerwa nekushaikwa kweokisijeni.
Iyo oxygen concentrator zvakare chishandiso chekubatsira chekurapa chakataurwa zvakajeka mu "Chirongwa Chese cheKuitwa kwe "Kirasi B uye B Tube" yeNovel Coronavirus Infection".
Parizvino, mazhinji emajenareta eokisijeni emumba ari pamusika mamorekuru sieve okisijeni jenareta, ayo anoratidzirwa nemutengo wakachipa, nyore kushandisa, kuchinjika kufamba, uye kutakura kwakachengeteka.
Nheyo yekushanda yemamorekuru sieve okisijeni jenareta ndeyekumanikidza swing adsorption (PSA) tekinoroji uye desorption tekinoroji.Munguva yebasa, nitrogen mumhepo inoshambadzirwa uye okisijeni yakasara mumhepo inounganidzwa, iyo inonatswa uye inoshandurwa kuva yakakwira oksijeni, uye ipapo okisijeni inopiwa kuvarwere vane okisijeni machubhu.Iyo yese process inotenderedzwa nguva nenguva uye ine simba, uye iyo molecular sieve haina kudyiwa.
Kunyangwe iyo jenareta yeokisijeni ichinzi "kugadzirwa kweokisijeni", hainyatso kuburitsa okisijeni, asi inoita basa rekuburitsa, kusefa, kuchenesa uye kuunganidza okisijeni mumhepo.Oxygen concentrators haibatsirewo muviri wemunhu kutora oxygen, zvinoda varwere vanotora oxygen kuti vakwanise kufema voga.
Mumakore matatu edenda, takasangana pamwe chete kuputika uye kunze-kwe-stock kubva pahuma thermometers, thermometers kune oximeters, ventilators, okisijeni jenareta, nezvimwewo, kubva pakuonekwa kuri nyore kusvika pakurapa adjuvant, uye matanho ekupindura awanda uye zvakawanda zvakakwana.
Kuenzaniswa neyambiro yekutanga yeoximeter, jenareta yeokisijeni inoita basa rekudzivirira kune vanhu vanoida chaizvo.Nekukurumidza kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu vane hutachiona, mamiriro ezvinhu aripo anoedza kuvimba kwevanhu mukuperevedza kwezviwanikwa zvekurapa, uye imba yeokisijeni concentrator kune vakwegura, varwere vane chirwere chepasi, vakadzi vane pamuviri, nezvimwewo vanogona kugadzirira kana paine emergency. .
02. Ndiani akakwenya keke remusika weokisijeni jenareta?
Zvakafanana nekudiwa kwemaoximeter, kudiwa kwemajenareta eokisijeni kumba nekune dzimwe nyika kwakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore maviri apfuura pasi pedenda, uye chiyero chemusika wemajenareta eokisijeni chakawedzera nekukurumidza.
Kudivi rekudiwa kwemba, kudiwa kwemajenareta eokisijeni muChina muna 2019 kwaive miriyoni 1.46 (+ 40%), uye kudiwa kwemaokisijeni kuChina muna 2021 kwakasvika 2.752 miriyoni mayunitsi (+ 40.4%), uye Guojin Securities inotarisira izvozvo. kudiwa kwemaokisijeni concentrators muChina kunotarisirwa kusvika kune anopfuura 3.8 miriyoni mayunitsi muna 2022;Padivi rekuda kwepasi rose, sekufembera kweQY Tsvagiridzo, saizi yemusika wepasi rose ichakwira kubva pamadhora mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu emadhora ekuAmerica muna 2426.54 kusvika pamadhora mazana matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi mashanu nenomwe.
Padivi rekugadzira mudzimba, muna 2021, kubuda kwemajenareta eokisijeni muChina kwakasvika 4.16 miriyoni units (+ 98.10%);Padivi rekugadzirwa kwepasirese, zvichitungamirwa nekuwedzera kwedenda repasi rose muna 2021, vagadziri vepamba vakaramba vachiongorora misika yekunze, nehuwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika hunosvika 1.4141 miriyoni mayunitsi (+ 287.32%) uye huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kweUS $ 683.5668 miriyoni (+ 298.5% ), inonyanya kutumirwa kuIndia, Myanmar nedzimwe nyika.
QY Tsvagiridzo inofanotaura kuti musika wepasi rose weokisijeni concentrator musika uchawedzera nemadhora 3.348 bhiriyoni kubva pamadhora 2.427 bhiriyoni kubva 2019 kusvika 2026, ine musanganiswa wepagore kukura kwe4.70%.
Vanotungamira pasi rose vagadziri vezvokurapa okisijeni concentrators Inogen, Invacare, Caire, Omron, Philips.Majenareta eokisijeni emudzimba akatanga kunonoka, kunyanya kuderera, vagadziri vanosanganisira Yuyue Medical, Kefu Medical, Zhongke Meiling, Siasun Medical zvichingodaro.Kubva muna Zvita 28, 2022, State Food and Drug Administration neProvincial Food and Drug Administration yakabvumidza kunyorwa kwezvinhu zvinodarika mazana maviri nemakumi matatu emagetsi ejenareta, zvinosanganisira makambani mazhinji akanyorwa akadai seYuyue Medical, Kangtai Medical, uye Kefu Medical.Mumakore achangopfuura, mabhureki ejenareta emumba akavakirwa paYuyue atanga kusimuka nekupinda mune yekutanga echelon yemajenareta eokisijeni epamba.
Iwe uchaona kuti vazhinji vanogadzira oximeters vanewo okisijeni generator bhizinesi mitsara, yakadai saYuyue, Kangtai, Lepu, Meiling, Haier, Omron, Philips, Kefu uye mamwe mabhureki epamba uye ekunze.
Bhizinesi reYuwell's oxygen concentrator rine huwandu hwakati kurei.Muna 2021, iyo yekufema kurapwa / yekurapa oxygen inopa bhizinesi mari ichasvika 2,622,792,300 yuan, inoverengera makumi matatu nemasere%.Nhau dzeveruzhinji dzinoratidza kuti Yuyue okisijeni jenareta inogara makumi matanhatu muzana emusika uye inotungamira mukutengesa kwepamba uye kwepasirese.Ichangopfuura Kaviri 11, Yuyue Medical's oxygen jenareta Jingdong uye Tmall brand kutengesa uye kutengesa vhoriyamu kutanga.Medical akambotaura kuti kutengesa kwayo kwepagore kwepasirese kweokisijeni concentrators muna 2021 kwakapfuura miriyoni imwe, vachitungamira mukupwanya indasitiri yemamiriyoni-unit mamaki.
Muna 2021 uye hafu yekutanga ya2022, mari yezvigadzirwa zveokisijeni yeropa zveKangtai Medical yaive 461 miriyoni yuan uye 154 miriyoni yuan, zvichiteerana, ichiverengera makumi mashanu muzana emari.
Yuyue Medical neKangtai Medical ndiwo maviri anotungamira mabhizinesi ezvemukati mekurapa okisijeni jenareta, mukuwedzera, makambani emidziyo yekurapa akadai seKefu Medical, Siasun Medical, Baolait, Lepu Medical uye Lipon Instruments ane zvishoma zvigadzirwa zveokisijeni yeropa ari kutorawo mukana uyu kubata. musika.Muna 2021, nhamba yebhizimisi yeKefu Medical ichava 199.6332 mamiriyoni yuan, inotora 8.77%;Mari yekutengesa yeSiasun Medical's okisijeni jenareta zvigadzirwa muna 2021 yakaramba iri pamusoro pe90%.
Mukupindura kuperevedza kwemajenareta eokisijeni, vagadziri vemagetsi emumba vakapindura nguva pfupi yadarika.
Kangtai Medical akataura papuratifomu inopindirana muna Ndira 3 kuti kambani ine majenereta mana ekurapa okisijeni emarita matatu, 5 litres, 7 litres uye 10 litres uye maviri eimba okisijeni jenareta ane inogadziriswa kuyerera kwe1 litre uye 2 malita.
Kangtai Medical akataura papuratifomu inopindirana muna Ndira 3 kuti kambani ine majenereta mana ekurapa okisijeni emarita matatu, 5 litres, 7 litres uye 10 litres uye maviri eimba okisijeni jenareta ane inogadziriswa kuyerera kwe1 litre uye 2 malita.Kuwedzera kwemutengo wemajenareta eokisijeni kwakashoropodzwawo nevetizens, uye mune yapfuura "Yuyue zvigadzirwa zvakatumirwa zvakarangarirwa" chiitiko, mapato akati iwo ejenareta eokisijeni akasimuka kubva pa4700 yuan kuenda ku9800 yuan.
Zvinoenderana neruzivo rweveruzhinji, Yuyue ane fekitori huru yepasi rose yejenareta muJiangsu, ine 1,500m yekugadzira okisijeni mutsara uye chiyero chekugadzira 30,000 square metres, uye kana simba rakazara rebhiza rikabatidzwa, huwandu hwekugadzira hunogona kusvika 8,000 mayunitsi. zuva.
03. Machipisi mangani ari kumusoro kumusoro kwejenareta weokisijeni?
Majenareta eokisijeni anotorwa kunze anoiswa pakakwirira, akadai seJapan Daikin oxygen jenareta (Japan) neUnited States sub-yakakodzera oxygen jenareta Mutengo unodarika zviuru gumi zveyuan.
Zvigadzirwa zvemumba zvinokwanisika kutenga, nemitengo inotangira pa2000-5000 yuan.Mune rondedzero yegoridhe yeJingdong, zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro zvinotengeswa zvakamisikidzwa mukati me2000-3000 yuan, uye kubuda kweokisijeni ndeye 3L uye 5L yekurapa-giredhi yakakura huwandu.Mumakore achangopfuura, nekukura kwemusika wepamba, mutengo wepakati wave uchiderera.
Ngatitangei kutarisa redunhu bhodhi uye okisijeni sensor yeokisijeni jenareta, chikamu chayo muokisijeni jenareta haisi iyo musimboti, uye kudiwa kwezvinhu zvemagetsi mune okisijeni jenareta account kune musoro diki.
Zvinoenderana neanozivikanwa blogger "hard disassembly" muna 2021, kupatsanurwa kweOmron oxygen jenareta imba HAO-2210 inotakurika okisijeni muchina wakatengwa pa1800 yuan, mhepo inosefetwa kuburikidza neyakatevedzana uye pakupedzisira inopfuura nemuinoparadzanisa kuti iwane oxygen. , mabhodhi edunhu uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinongobatsira majenereta eokisijeni, achitamba kudzora uye kuratidza basa.
Zhihu anopindura @ Husiku katsi okisijeni jenareta yakaunzwa kwatiri kuti bhodhi redunhu reiyo okisijeni jenareta ingori hafu yehukuru hwenhare mbozha, uye idiki zvakanyanya pane redunhu bhodhi remhepo inofefetera inosvika makumi mashanu neshanu neshanu (cm).Tichitarisa kubva kune mamwe mavhidhiyo edissembly uye madhiyamu edunhu, izvo zvakakosha zveokisijeni jenareta zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira MCUs, discrete zvishandiso, sensors, magetsi ekutonga machipisi, nezvimwe.
Tsvaga chip scheme uye kusarudzwa kwejenereta yeokisijeni, maererano nekuvhurwa kwemishonga yemishonga yehutano mhinduro, kusarudzwa kweMLCC uye sensor inobatana nesimba ripple uye sensor kugadzikana, kuwedzera kune yehutano-giredhi MLCC, panofanira kuva nepamusoro. -chaiyo, yakaderera-simba sensor mhinduro.
Iyo chip mhinduro yemusha analog chip dhizaini kambani Nanochip yeimba okisijeni jenareta zvigadzirwa inoshandisa NSPGS2 yakatevedzana kumanikidza sensors.Maererano nemishumo, inobatanidza 24-bit ADC uye 12-bit DAC, iyo inotsigira maitiro ekurara uye inoderedza zvikuru mutoro paMCU;Dhigirii repamusoro, kuita kwakanaka, -20 kusvika 70 °C yakazara tembiricha zone inokwana 2.5%;MEMS (Microelectromechanical System) chip back air intake, yakabatanidzwa mukati mekushisa sensor, kuwana muripo wekushisa;Kune akasiyana siyana analog voltage kubuda mafomu, nezvimwe.
ZXP2 (400KPa) absolute pressure sensor kubva kuZhixin Sensing, inozivikanwa sechizvarwa chitsva chepamba ZXP2 (400KPa) absolute pressure sensor yakazvimiririra yakagadziridzwa, inotsigira analogi kana kubuda kwedhijitari, uye inogona kutsiva zvachose kunze kwenyika yakakwira-yekupedzisira kumanikidza sensors.Pasi pekutonga kweiyi sensor, varwere vanogona kugadzirisa zvinoenderana nemamiriro avo chaiwo, zvichikonzera kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa uye nani kutakura.Pamusoro pemajenareta eokisijeni, anoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mukudzora injini, kutonga kwemaindasitiri uye mamwe minda.
Nheyo ye molecular sieve oxygen jenareta iri chaizvo mu compressor uye molecular sieve.
Panyaya yemacompressor, akajairika compressor brand ndiThomas, mhando dzemumba dzinosanganisira Daikin, Guangshun, Shengyao, Epley, nezvimwewo, uye epamba mainjenareta anogadzira okisijeni Sea Turtle, Yuyue, Siasong, nezvimwewo vakashandisa epamba brand compressors.
Molecular sieve ndeye synthetic zeolite zvinhu zvine chaiyo uye yunifomu chimiro uye saizi pores, inokwanisa yakasarudzika adsorption yemagasi uye zvinwiwa zvinoenderana nekukura kwemamorekuru uye polarity.China yakatoona kutsiva kwemumba kwema molecular sieve, mabhizinesi epamba mumusika wepasi-ekupedzisira ekugadzira mamorekuru sieve akura, Jianlong Weina, Shanghai Hengye, Dalian Haixin's molecular sieve production capacity iri pakati pegumi vepamusoro pasirese.(2018 manhamba)
Parizvino, huwandu hwemumba okisijeni concentrators pamusika hwakakamurwa kuita 1L, 3L uye 5L, avhareji 1L inoda kushandisa 650g yemamolecular sieve, kwayakarerekera tichifunga kuti huwandu hwema molecular sieve ye1 oxygen jenareta i3L, ipapo 1 okisijeni. jenareta inoda ma molecular sieve 1.95kg, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mutengo wemolecular sieve yeokisijeni jenareta i390 yuan (1.95/1000 * 200000 = 390 yuan), ichiverengera 13% -19.5% yejenareta yeokisijeni muna 2000-. 3000 mutengo wemhando.
Molecular sieve chinhu chakasvibirira, musimboti wekuona oxygen kuzara kuzadza tekinoroji, haugone kuitsiva paunoda.Kana iyo tekinoroji yekuzadza isina kunaka, kukwesha kwakakura zvakanyanya, uye zviri nyore kuwana unyoro, iyo oxygen concentration inodonha nekukurumidza mushure memakore 1-2 ekushandisa muchina.
Iyo nyika inoda kuti iyo oxygen yekusangana kweiyo okisijeni jenareta yakadzikira pane 82% yepasirese mwero, uye yakaderera okisijeni yekuisa alarm inofanira kunge yakaderera, uye vamwe vanogadzira okisijeni jenareta havana basa iri, uye zvakaoma kune vatengiwo zvavo kuwana.
04 Pfupiso
Hazvina kujairika kuti masiki, maantigen, zvinodhaka uye mimwe misika kubvunza mitengo yedenga-yakakwira, michina yekurapa haigone kupihwa, uye musika unosanganiswa.Handizivi kana zvigadzirwa zvakasimudzwa kana kuti kwete, asi panguva ino, vatengesi vane mazita makuru ejenareta okisijeni vatangawo kuderedza mabasa avanoda, vachivhura nhevedzano ye "mutengo wepakutanga" kutengesa kwekutanga, vachikanda dambudziko re "kutenga. kana kwete” kune vatengi.
Mukuwedzera kune kuoma kwekutenga, kushandiswa kwakarurama kweokisijeni concentrators semudziyo wezvokurapa wekubatsira kurapa idambudziko kune vanhuwo zvavo.
Mumushonga, 2L/min-3L/min ndiyo yakaderera-kuyerera okisijeni, kunyange kana iri yakakwirira-inoyerera yeokisijeni inotora pamusoro pe5L/min, hurongwa hwekufema hwakakanganiswa zvakanyanya kushandisa zvinopfuura 5L/min, kazhinji, zvinodiwa. kuchengetedza iyi yakakwirira-kuyerera kweokisijeni kutora pamwero we90%.Kuenzaniswa neokisijeni cylinder muchipatara, iyo oxygen concentration ye molecular sieve oxygen generator yakaoma kuvimbisa, uye inogonawo kutarisana nekukundikana, uye hutano hweokisijeni uye nguva yekuchengetedza haina kugadzikana.
Mukushandiswa kwezuva nezuva, jenareta reokisijeni rinodawo kuve rakashongedzerwa nemhino cannula okisijeni, mask okisijeni, okisijeni yekuchengetedza mask uye kunyange mhepo inofefetera, vatengi vazhinji vasina ruzivo vanonetsa kushanda nemazvo, saka munguva yakapfuura, mudiwa aitenga uye anoshandiswa pasi pekuraira kwachiremba. .
Ingave iyo oximeter kana okisijeni concentrator, iwo maturusi ekubatsira mune zvekurapa, asi yekuwedzera "vimbiso" kune mumwe nemumwe mukutarisana nekusagadzikana: ko kana ikashandiswa?
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-12-2023