Kubva mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, gadziriro dzokugovera magetsi (dzinowanzonzi magridi) dzave dziri manyuko makuru enyika emagetsi.Kana magridi aya agadzirwa, anoshanda zviri nyore - anogadzira magetsi uye anotumira kudzimba, zvivakwa, uye chero kupi kunodiwa magetsi.
Asi sezvo kudiwa kwemagetsi kunowedzera, girasi rinonyanya kushanda rinodiwa.Mazuva ano "smart grid" magetsi ekugovera masisitimu ari kushandiswa pasi rose anovimba nehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano kuti hugone kushanda zvakanaka.Iri bepa rinoongorora tsananguro yeyakangwara grid uye akakosha matekinoroji anoita kuti ive yakangwara.
Giridhi yakangwara inzvimbo yekugovera magetsi inopa nzira mbiri dzekukurukurirana pakati pevashandisi vekushandisa nevatengi.Digital matekinoroji anogonesa smart grid tekinoroji anosanganisira simba/azvino sensors, kudzora zvishandiso, nzvimbo dzedata uye smart metres.
Mamwe magridi akangwara akangwara kupfuura mamwe.Nyika zhinji dzakatarisa kwakawanda kuedza kushandura magridi ekugovera asisashande kune smart grids, asi shanduko yakaoma uye inotora makore kana makumi emakore.
Mienzaniso yeakangwara grid tekinoroji uye smart grid zvikamu
Smart Meters - Smart metres inhanho yekutanga mukuvaka yakangwara grid.Smart metres inopa poindi-ye-kushandisa simba rekushandisa data kune vatengi nevagadziri vekushandisa.Ivo vanopa mashandisirwo emagetsi uye ruzivo rwemutengo kunyevera vashandisi kuti vaderedze kutambisa simba uye vanobatsira vanopa kukwidziridza mitoro yekugovera pane grid.Smart metres kazhinji ine matatu madiki masisitimu: yemagetsi sisitimu yekuyera mashandisirwo emagetsi, microcontroller yekubata tekinoroji mukati meiyo smart mita, uye yekutaurirana system yekutumira uye kugamuchira mashandisiro esimba / kuraira data.Uye zvakare, mamwe mamita akangwara anogona kuve nesimba rekuchengetedza (kana mutsetse mukuru wekugovera uri pasi) uye GSM modules kuratidza nzvimbo yemamita nekuda kwekuchengetedza.
Kudyara kwepasi rose mu smart metres kwakapetwa kaviri mumakore gumi apfuura.Muna 2014, mari yepasirese yepasirese mumamita akangwara yaive $11 miriyoni.Sekureva kweStatista, epasi rose smart mita investimendi inosvika madhora makumi maviri nerimwe emamiriyoni panosvika 2019, tichifunga nezve budiriro yehurongwa kubva mukushandisa smart metres.
Smart mutoro unodzora switch uye kugovera switchboards - Nepo smart metres inogona kupa chaiyo-nguva data kune utility vanopa, ivo havadzore otomatiki kugovera kwesimba.Kukwirisa kugovera kwemagetsi panguva dzepamusoro pekushandisa nguva kana kune dzakati nzvimbo, magetsi ekushandisa anoshandisa magetsi ekutonga maturusi akadai akangwara ekudzora mutoro switch uye switchboards.Iyi tekinoroji inochengetedza huwandu hwakakosha hwesimba nekudzikisira kugovera kusingakoshi kana kuzvibata otomatiki mitoro yakapfuura yavo inotenderwa nguva yekushandisa.Kukwirisa kugovera kwemagetsi panguva dzepamusoro pekushandisa nguva kana kune dzakati nzvimbo, magetsi ekushandisa anoshandisa magetsi ekutonga maturusi akadai akangwara ekudzora mutoro switch uye switchboards.Iyi tekinoroji inochengetedza huwandu hwakakosha hwesimba nekudzikisira kugovera kusingakoshi kana kuzvibata otomatiki mitoro yakapfuura yavo inotenderwa nguva yekushandisa.
Semuenzaniso, guta reWadsworth, Ohio, rinoshandisa nzira yekuparadzira magetsi yakavakwa muna 1916. Guta reWadsworth rakabatana neIron, mugadziri wemagetsi.Smart Load Control inochinja(SLCS), kuderedza kushandiswa kwemagetsi ehurongwa ne5,300 megawatt maawa nekuisa SLCS mudzimba kutenderera air conditioning compressors panguva dzepamusoro dzekushandisa magetsi.Power System otomatiki - Simba system otomatiki inogoneswa neiyo smart grid tekinoroji, ichishandisa mamiriro-e-iyo-iyo IT zvivakwa kudzora zvese zvinongedzo mucheni yekugovera.Semuyenzaniso, otomatiki masisitimu emagetsi anoshandisa hungwaru hwekuunganidza data masisitimu (akafanana neaya e smart metres), masimba ekudzora masisitimu (seakangwara ekudzora mutoro switch), maturusi ekuongorora, masisitimu emakomputa, uye simba system algorithms.Iko kusanganiswa kweaya makiyi zvikamu zvinobvumira iyo grid (kana akawanda magridi) kuti igadzirise otomatiki uye optimize pachayo nekushomeka kwekudyidzana kwevanhu kunodiwa.
Smart Grid Implementation
Kana dhijitari, nzira mbiri dzekukurukurirana uye otomatiki matekinoroji akaiswa mune yakangwara grid, akati wandei ekuchinja kwezvivakwa anowedzera kushanda kwegidhi.Kuitwa kweSmart Grid kwakagonesa shanduko dzinotevera dzezvivakwa:
1.Decentralized energy production
Nekuti iyo smart grid inogona kuramba ichitarisa nekudzora kugovera kwesimba, hapasisina kudiwa kweimwe hombe gwenya remagetsi kugadzira magetsi.Panzvimbo iyoyo, magetsi anogona kugadzirwa neakawanda akatemerwa magetsi zviteshi, senge turbines emhepo, solar mapurazi, pekugara photovoltaic solar mapaneru, madhamu madiki emagetsi emvura, nezvimwe.
2.Musika wakakamukana
Smart grid zvivakwa zvinotsigirawo kubatana kweakawanda magridi senzira yehungwaru yekugovera simba kune echinyakare centralized masisitimu.Semuyenzaniso, kare, makanzuru aive nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekugadzira dzaive dzisina kubatana nemadhumeni akavakidzana.Nekuitwa kweiyo smart grid zvivakwa, maneja anogona kubatsira kune yakagovaniswa chirongwa chekugadzira kubvisa kutsamira kwekugadzira kana magetsi akadzimwa.
3.Diki-scale transmission
Imwe yemarara makuru emagetsi mugridi ndeyekugoverwa kwesimba pamadaro marefu.Tichifunga kuti akangwara magidhi anoisa kugadzirwa uye misika, iyo mambure yekugovera kureba mukati meiyo smart grid yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, nekudaro kuderedza kuparadzira tsvina.Fungidzira, semuenzaniso, purazi diki resolar renharaunda rinogadzira 100% yenharaunda inodiwa nemagetsi masikati, ingori 1 km kubva.Pasina purazi rezuva renzvimbo, nharaunda ingangoda kuwana simba kubva kune hombe magetsi chirimwa makiromita zana kubva kure.Kurasikirwa kwesimba kunocherechedzwa panguva yekufambiswa kwemagetsi kubva kure kure kunogona kunge kwakakura zvakapetwa kazana kupfuura kurasikirwa kwekutapurirana kunoonekwa kubva kumapurazi ezuva.
4.Kugovera-nzira mbiri
Panyaya yemapurazi ezuva emunharaunda, panogona kunge kune mamiriro ezvinhu apo purazi rezuva rinogona kuunza simba rakawanda kudarika mharaunda inopedza, nokudaro kuumba simba rinowedzera.Iri simba rakawandisa rinogona kubva ragoverwa mune yakangwara grid, zvichibatsira kudzikisa kudiwa kubva kure kure zvirimwa zvemagetsi.
Muchiitiko ichi, simba rinoyerera kubva kupurazi rezuva kusvika kune guru risina nharaunda grid panguva yemasikati, asi kana purazi rezuva risingaiti, simba rinoyerera kubva kune grid guru kusvika munharaunda iyoyo.Iyi bi-directional simba inoyerera inogona kutariswa uye yakagadziridzwa nemagetsi ekugovera algorithms kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hushoma hwesimba hunoparara chero nguva panguva yekushandiswa.
5.Kutora chikamu kwemushandisi
Mune yakangwara gidhi zvivakwa zvine bi-directional kugovera uye yakamisikidzwa gidhi muganho, vashandisi vanokwanisa kuita se micro-jenareta.Semuenzaniso, dzimba dzega dzega dzinogona kunge dzakashongedzerwa ne-stand-alone photovoltaic solar system inogadzira magetsi kana ichishandiswa.Kana iyo yekugara PV sisitimu inogadzira simba rakawandisa, simba iri rinogona kuendeswa kune yakakura grid, zvichiwedzera kuderedza kudiwa kwemagetsi makuru epakati.
Kukosha kweSmart Grid
Padanho remacroeconomic, smart grids yakakosha kudzikisa kushandiswa kwemagetsi.Vazhinji vezvishandiso vemunharaunda nehurumende vanopa matanho ane rupo uye ane hukasha ekutora chikamu mukutorwa kwemagridi akangwara nekuti inobatsira mune zvemari uye nharaunda.Nekutora gidhi rakangwara, kugadzirwa kwesimba kunogona kudzikiswa, zvichibvisa njodzi yekudzima, kudzikisa mutengo wemagetsi ekushandisa, uye kubvisa kupambadzwa kwesimba kusingakoshi.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-15-2023