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Sei monocrystalline silicon inoshandiswa sehwaro hwekugadzira chip?
Munyori: harry4112
Nyaya: https://www.zhihu.com/question/515054180/answer/2337519553
Kunobva: Zhihu
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Sei waya dzichida matehwe epurasitiki?Iwe haugone kushandisa tambo yemhangura isina chinhu?Nekuti pasina ganda repurasitiki rinozvipatsanura, waya inogona kufambisa magetsi zviri nyore kana yabata zvimwe zvinhu uye isingakwanise kufambisa magetsi, kana kuti chii kana yakasimba uye ikabata mumwe munhu nemagetsi?Ko kana waya dzakawanda dzisiri-conductive dzichifanira kugadzirwa nepurasitiki?Kwete zvachose, waya dzekutanga dzakaputirwa nerineni, bhurashi tung mafuta (uye ikozvino, enameled waya), munzvimbo dzakananga, uchifunga nezve mutengo, kugona kuparadzanisa magetsi, nezvimwewo, kana kunyangwe iwe uchida, unogona kushandisa silicon. , silicon dioxide kuita yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, hongu, maviri aya akanyanya brittle yakasimba zvinhu, akakodzera chete kune yakagadzirwa, isingamboite waya inotakurika, iyo yakanyatsokodzera kune chip yemukati waya iyi chiitiko.

Izvo zviri pamusoro zvinogoneka nesilicon uye silicon dioxide yewaya yekuparadzaniswa kwemachipisi.Ehe, imwe yekushandiswa kukuru kwesilicon substrates mumachipisi ndeyekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, zvakafanana nekushandiswa kwematehwe epurasitiki waya, anongogadzirwa kumashure.Waya dzine waya dzemhangura dzisina chinhu dzisati dzapendwa nematehwe epurasitiki;machipisi ane matehwe e-silicon ekudzivirira asati aiswa kunze (akapfatwa) newaya dzemhangura dzisina chinhu.

Nei imwe crystal silicon?Zvikonzero zviviri, kutanga kune zvese, zvinofanirwa kuve zvakachena kwazvo, zvikasadaro kana zvisizvo hazvizove insulated nekuda kweiyo vatori vechikamu conductivity uye haizopi chaiyo pre-material kune inotevera chizvarwa cheiyo semiconductor junction.Izvi zvinonzwisisika, handizvo here?Iwe unoda kugadzira PN junction pane imwe nzvimbo, asi ipapo patove neatomu mashoma akashatisa phosphorus panzvimbo iyoyo uye yatove chimiro cheN-mhando, saka unoda kuishandura kuita P-type?Zviri nyore kuenda kubva kwakachena kuenda kune heterogeneous, asi zvakanyanya kuoma kubva kune heterogeneous kuenda kune yakachena, saka iwe unotanga ne-high-purity silicon.Sei isingakwanise kuva polycrystalline silicon?Izvo zvine chekuita nechizvarwa chePN junctions (panogona kunge paine mamwe magadzirirwo, anomiririrwa nePN) zvakare.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti PN junctions idiki zvakanyanya pakuita intercalation process uye inokonzeresa yedunhu maitiro, ayo anoda 100% kuteedzera zvinodiwa nedhizaini, anonyatso nyatso tariswa kana pasina hurema hwelattice, ingani "tsvina" yakasanganiswa mukati, uye ndeapi magetsi. maitiro anowanikwa.

Kana paine hurema hwelatisi, izvi handizvo hazvo.Kukanganisa kwelattice mu polysilicon kwakafanana nemakomba ari munheyo, uye yakakura kwazvo, saka kana asphalt yaiswa, mhinduro yemagetsi haina kufanana kune imwe nzvimbo.Zvinova 1!Iyi yedunhu logic ichiri yakarurama here?Nekuwedzera, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa here?Polycrystalline inogona kushandiswa here?Mune mamwe maapplication, kana kwaasina kutetepa kudaro (simba rakasimba, isina-simba logic), zvinogoneka kana zviri kuferefetwa.Semuyenzaniso, silicon yakanyanyisa kunyungudika mune imwe ultra-high frequency, ultra-low voltage, Ultra-high current situation, isina kunyatsokodzera, saka kune mamwe akakosha silicon germanium, gallium nezvimwe zvinhu zvereferensi, uye kunyangwe iyo substrate ye. iyo chip, solar panels nokuti chikuru ndechekupa magetsi akasimba, kwete kunyanya kunetseka pamusoro pekusiyana kwemagetsi zvishoma, hongu, kune mari, mazhinji acho ari polycrystalline silicon.Kana zviri zvimwe zvinhu, shure kwezvose, silicon iri kwese uye inongoda kucheneswa.Zvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvese zvakaoma kuwana, zvinodawo kucheneswa.