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Diodes ane maviri-terminal emagetsi zvikamu zvinoitisa ikozvino kunyanya mune imwe nzira (asymmetric conductance);Iyo ine kushomeka kushoma mune imwe nzira (yakanaka zero) uye yakakwirira kuramba mune imwe nzira (yakanaka isingaperi).Diode vacuum chubhu kana thermoelectron diode ichubhu yevacuum ine maelectrodes maviri, cathode inopisa uye ndiro umo maerekitironi anogona kuyerera kubva pacathode kuenda mundiro munzira imwe chete.A semiconductor diode, rudzi runonyanya kushandiswa nhasi, icrystalline semiconductor zvinhu zvine pn junction yakabatana kune mbiri dzemagetsi.

Basa rakajairika re diode ndere kubvumira ikozvino kuti ipfuure mune imwe nzira (inonzi kumberi kweiyo diode), ichiivharira kune yakatarisana (iyo reverse).Nenzira iyi, diode inogona kuonekwa seyemagetsi shanduro yevhavha yekudzoka.Iyi nzira yenzira imwe inonzi kugadziridza uye inoshandiswa kushandura alternating current (ac) kunanga ikozvino (dc).Rectifiers, muchimiro che diode, anogona kushandiswa kumabasa akadai sekubvisa modulation kubva kumasaini eredhiyo muredhiyo inogamuchira.

Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo nonlinear ikozvino-voltage maitiro eiyo diode, maitiro ayo anogona kuve akaomarara kupfuura iyi iri nyore yekuchinja chiito.A semiconductor diode inoitisa magetsi chete kana paine voltage pachikumbaridzo kana yekupinza voltage munzira yekumberi (iyo diode inonzi iri kumberi biased state).Kudonha kwevoltage kumativi ese maviri emberi-inorerekera diode inongosiyana zvishoma neyezvino uye ibasa rekushisa.Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa se sensor tembiricha kana referensi voltage.Mukuwedzera, kana reverse voltage kumativi ose maviri e diode inosvika pamutengo unonzi breakdown voltage, kupikisa kwepamusoro kwe diode kusvika kune reverse kuyerera kunodonha kamwe-kamwe kune kushomeka kwakaderera.

Ikozvino-voltage maitiro e semiconductor diode anogona kugadziridzwa nekusarudza semiconductor zvinhu uye kuunza doping tsvina muzvinhu panguva yekugadzira.Aya matekiniki anoshandiswa kugadzira akasiyana diode anoita mabasa mazhinji akasiyana.Semuyenzaniso, madhiodhi anoshandiswa kudzora magetsi (Zener diodes), anodzivirira masekete kubva kune akakwira-voltage surges (avalanche diode), nemagetsi tune redhiyo uye terevhizheni vanogamuchira (varator diodes) kugadzira RF oscillations (tunnel diodes), Gunn diodes, IMPATT diodes. , uye kugadzira chiedza (light-emitting diodes).Tunnel diodes, Gunn diodes, uye IMPATT diode dzine kupesana kwakashata, iyo inobatsira mumicrowave nekuchinja maseketi.

Ose ari maviri vacuum diode uye semiconductor diode anogona kushandiswa sekuparadzira ruzha jenareta.