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Sei machipisi (kana kugadzirwa kwemagetsi) achishandisa semiconductors pane maconductor?

Semiconductors yave chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu uye kushandiswa kwavo kuri kwese.Pasina masemiconductors, pangadai pasina redhiyo, pasina makomputa, pasina nharembozha, hapana maTV, pasina michina yekuwachisa, pasina mitambo yemavhidhiyo, uye zvechokwadi hapana kudhinda kwe3D, kutyaira kwega, mushonga wakangwara, kana photovoltaics.Iko kukurumidza kusimudzira kweInternet yezvinhu zvakare kwakaita kuti semiconductors atonyanya kuita zvakasiyana.

Pasinei nekutsamira pavacuum chubhu tekinoroji (vacuum chubhu, inozivikanwawo se electron chubhu, yakatsiviwa nema semiconductors nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira, kusasimba, ukuru, uye kushomeka kwehunyanzvi, ine maelectrodes uye filaments mukati meiyo conductive), michina yakawanda yemagetsi yaive. created.Tichitarisa kumashure pamazuva echubhu yevacuum, materevhizheni, magiramufomu, uye maredhiyo zvose zvaiva nemasekete evacuum chubhu aida maminetsi anoverengeka ekudziya nguva imwe neimwe paaibatidzwa uye akanga asina kunyatsogadzikana.Kwemakore makumi matanhatu apfuura, tekinoroji yesemiconductor yakabvumira michina kuti ikurumidze, idiki, uye yakagadzikana.

Saka sei uchishandisa semiconductors kugadzira izvi midziyo yemagetsi, pane maconductor?

Chii chinonzi semiconductors?Semiconductor chinhu chinofambisa magetsi pakati pe conductor (kazhinji simbi) uye insulator (kunyanya ceramic).Semiconductors inogona kuve yakachena zvinhu (silicon kana germanium) kana makomisheni (gallium arsenide kana cadmium selenide).Mukati mekuita doping, zviduku zvezvisina kuchena zvinowedzerwa kune yakachena semiconductor, zvichiita kuti kuchinja kukuru kwemagetsi ekugadzirisa zvinhu.

Midziyo yakawanda yemagetsi inogadzirwa zvichibva pane transistors, iyo inozoita mabasa akadai seamplification, oscillators, uye arithmetic, izvo zvese zvinoitwa nemasemiconductors.

Saka sei semiconductors uye kwete conductors?

Nemhaka yokuti semiconductors vane zvakasiyana-siyana zvekufambisa, vatungamiri vane maitiro akakwirira chete, izvo zvisingawanzodiwa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.Ne semiconductors uye yakakodzera doping, iyo conductivity inogona kuchinjwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa.Panguva imwecheteyo, hazvibviri kuita dope conductors, hunhu husingadzoreki hunoita kuti zvisakwanise kuzadzisa izvo zvinodiwa (fungidzira kuti maconductor ane nhamba huru yekuchaja vatakuri uye doping haina mhedzisiro).

Tichifunga kuti mapoinzi A uye B mudunhu akabatanidzwa nekondukita, pachava nemhepo pakati pavo uye ikozvino ichayerera pakati pemapoinzi maviri;hapana nzira yekudzora kuyerera kwezvino pano.Sezvineiwo, kana mapoinzi A uye B akabatana neinodzivirira, ikozvino haizoyerere uye pane zvishoma zvingaitwe kubvumira ikozvino kuyerera (kunze kwekunge iyo voltage ichiwedzerwa kusvika padanho risingafungidzirwe).

Nekudaro, kana transistor ikashandiswa pakati pemapoinzi A uye B, inopa nzira ine simba yekudzora ikozvino.Transistor inogara pakati pemapoinzi A neB, ichiwedzera poindi C kuitira kuti kushandisa mutsauko wevoltage pakati pemapoinzi C uye B kuchaita kuti ikozvino itange kuyerera pakati peA neB. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa pakadzika kwazvo (pazasi pe5 volts. ) uye kuderera kwemvura (pasi simba rekushandisa).Hazvibviri kushandisa chete conductors kana insulators.Nekuti maconductor anogara achiitisa, insulators haazomboiti uye chete semiconductors anowana kuvhura nekuvhara.

Pasina kufunga nezvevatambi vakanyanyisa (vamwe vangati tora tiger cub), vanhu vazhinji vangasarudza katsi.Kune vatambi vakanyanyisa, ungasarudza ingwe hombe?Chikonzero chiri pachena ndechekuti: kusadzoreka uye kunotyisa.Zvakanyanya kufanana nekondakita uye semiconductor.

Tiger = conductor (hapana kutonga pamusoro pekuita)

Katsi = semiconductor (conductivity inogona kudzorwa nedoping)

Nyika yesainzi yakaoma uye chero tekinoroji isingadzoreki haizogari.