NUC975DK61Y - Akabatanidzwa Masekete, Akamisikidzwa, Microcontrollers - NUVOTON Technology Corporation

1 Microcontroller tsananguro

Sezvo iyo microcontroller iri arithmetic logic unit, memory, timer/calculator, uye akasiyana / O maseketi, etc. akabatanidzwa muchip, anoumba basic yakakwana computing system, inozivikanwa zvakare se single-chip microcomputer.

Iyo purogiramu iri mu microcontroller memory inoshandiswa padhuze neiyo microcontroller hardware uye peripheral hardware circuits, inosiyaniswa kubva kune software yePC, uye inonzi microcontroller chirongwa se firmware.Kazhinji, microprocessor iCPU pane imwechete yakabatanidzwa dunhu, nepo microcontroller iri CPU, ROM, RAM, VO, timer, nezvimwe zvese pane imwechete yakabatanidzwa dunhu.Kuenzaniswa neCPU, microcontroller haina simba rakanyanya rekombuta, uye haina MemoryManaaement Unit, inoita kuti microcontroller ingokwanisa kubata mamwe mashoma uye akareruka kudzora, pfungwa, uye mamwe mabasa, uye ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutonga kwemidziyo, sensor signal processing. nemimwe minda, senge mimwe midziyo yemumba, midziyo yemumaindasitiri, maturusi emagetsi, nezvimwe.

2 Kuumbwa kweiyo microcontroller

Iyo microcontroller ine akati wandei zvikamu: yepakati processor, ndangariro, uye yekupinda / kubuda:

-Central processor:

Iyo yepakati processor ndiyo yakakosha chikamu cheMCU, kusanganisira iyo miviri mikuru yeanoshanda uye controller.

-Operator

Mushandisi ane arithmetic & logical unit (ALU), accumulator nemarejista, nezvimwewo. Basa reALU nderekuita arithmetic kana mashandiro ane musoro pane data iri kuuya.Iyo ALU inokwanisa kuwedzera, kubvisa, kuenzanisa, kana kuenzanisa saizi yeaya maviri data, uye pakupedzisira kuchengetedza mhedzisiro mune accumulator.

Mushandi ane mabasa maviri:

(1) Kuita akasiyana arithmetic oparesheni.

(2) Kuita maitiro akasiyana-siyana ane musoro uye kuita zviedzo zvine musoro, senge zero kukosha bvunzo kana kuenzanisa kwemaitiro maviri.

Zvese mashandiro anoitwa nemushandisi anotungamirwa nemasaini ekudzora kubva kune controller, uye, nepo arithmetic oparesheni ichiburitsa arithmetic mhedzisiro, zvine musoro kushanda kunoburitsa mutongo.

-Mutongi

Mutongi anoumbwa nekaunda yepurogiramu, rejista yemirairo, decoder yemirairo, jenareta yenguva uye mutongi wekushanda, nezvimwewo. Ndiro "boka rekuita sarudzo" rinopa mirairo, kureva kurongedza uye kutungamirira kushanda kwese microcomputer system.Mabasa ayo makuru ndeaya:

(1) Kutorazve rairo kubva mundangariro uye kuratidza nzvimbo yemurairo unotevera mundangariro.

(2) Kudhirodha uye kuyedza rairo uye kugadzira inoenderana mashandiro ekudzora chiratidzo kufambisa kuitwa kwechiito chakataurwa.

(3) Inotungamira uye inodzora gwara rekuyerera kwedata pakati peCPU, ndangariro, uye yekupinza uye yekuburitsa zvishandiso.

Iyo microprocessor inobatanidza iyo ALU, zviverengero, marejista uye chikamu chekutonga kuburikidza nemukati bhazi, uye inobatanidza kune yekunze ndangariro uye yekuisa / kubuda interface maseketi kuburikidza nebhazi rekunze.Bhazi rekunze, iro rinonziwo system bhazi, rakakamurwa kuita data bhazi DB, kero bhazi AB uye control bhazi CB, uye yakabatana kune akasiyana siyana emidziyo kuburikidza neyekupinza / kubuda interface yedunhu.

-Memory

Memory inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: data memory uye chirongwa chekurangarira.

Dhata ndangariro inoshandiswa kuchengetedza data uye chirongwa chekuchengetedza chinoshandiswa kuchengetedza zvirongwa uye paramita.

-Input / Output -Linking kana kutyaira midziyo yakasiyana

Seri yekukurukurirana zviteshi-yekuchinjana data pakati peMCU uye akasiyana maperipherals, akadai seUART, SPI, 12C, nezvimwe.

3 Microcontroller classification

Maererano nehuwandu hwemabhiti, microcontroller inogona kuiswa mu: 4-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, uye 32-bit.Mukushandisa, 32-bit inotora 55%, 8-bit account ye43%, 4-bit account ye2%, uye 16-bit account ye1%.

Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti 32-bit uye 8-bit microcontrollers ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa microcontrollers nhasi.
Musiyano muhuwandu hwemabhiti haumiriri iyo yakanaka kana yakaipa microprocessors, kwete iyo yakakwira nhamba yebhiti zviri nani iyo microprocessor, uye kwete kuderera kwehuwandu hwebhiti zvakanyanya kuipa iyo microprocessor.

8-bit MCUs ane zvakawanda zvakasiyana;vanopa hurongwa hwakareruka, kushanda nesimba uye saizi diki yepasuru (mamwe ane mapini matanhatu chete).Asi aya mamicrocontrollers haawanzo kushandiswa kune networking uye kutaurirana mabasa.

Iwo akajairika network maprotocol uye kutaurirana software stacks ndeye 16- kana 32-bit.Midziyo yekukurukurirana inowanikwa kune mamwe 8-bit zvishandiso, asi 16- uye 32-bit MCUs kazhinji ndiyo inonyanya kuita sarudzo.Zvakangodaro, 8-bit MCUs anowanzo shandiswa kune akasiyana siyana ekutonga, kunzwa, uye interface maapplication.

Architecturally, microcontrollers inogona kukamurwa kuva mapoka maviri: RISC (Yakaderedzwa Mirayiridzo Set Makomputa) uye CISC (Complex Instruction Set Makomputa).

RISC imicroprocessor inoita mashoma emirairo yemakomputa uye yakatanga kumakore ekuma1980 neMIPS mainframe (kureva, RISC michina), uye mamicroprocessors anoshandiswa muRISC muchina akaungana anonzi RISC processors.Nenzira iyi, inokwanisa kuita mashandiro nekukurumidza (mamiriyoni emamwe mirairo pasekondi, kana MIPS).Nekuti makomputa anoda mamwe ma transistors uye macircuit zvinhu kuti aite yega yega yekuraira mhando, iyo yakakura iyo komputa yekuraira seti inoita kuti microprocessor iwedzere kuoma uye kuita maoperation zvishoma nezvishoma.

CISC inosanganisira yakapfuma seti yemirairo midiki inorerutsa kugadzirwa kwezvirongwa zvinomhanya pane processor.Mirayiridzo inoumbwa nemutauro wegungano, uye mamwe mabasa akajairwa akatanga kuitwa nesoftware anoitwa nehardware yekuraira system pachinzvimbo.Basa remugadziri nekudaro rakadzikiswa zvakanyanya, uye mamwe maodhisheni epasi kana maoparesheni anogadziriswa panguva imwe chete panguva yekuraira kwega kwega kuti awedzere kumhanya kwekombuta, uye iyi system inonzi yakaoma instruction system.

4 Pfupiso

Chinetso chakakomba chemazuva ano mainjiniya emagetsi emagetsi kuvaka yakaderera, isina dambudziko, uye kunyangwe paine kutadza kushanda kwemotokari masisitimu, mukuita kwemotokari zvishoma nezvishoma kunowedzera pari zvino, mamicrocontrollers anotarisirwa kusimudzira mashandiro. yemotokari dzemagetsi ekudzora zvikamu.